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| =={{hide|navbar}}==
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| [[computing]]: [[software]]: [[Samba]] | | [[page type::article]] |
| ==Overview== | | [[thing type::software]] |
| [[Samba]] is a program which allows "[[Network Neighborhood]]"-style communication between Windows and other platforms such as [[Linux]]. It is named after the SMB protocol, which is what Windows uses for "Network Neighborhood" communication. | | [[software type::server]] |
| ==Commands== | | [[category:software]] |
| * '''User commands''' | | </hide> |
| ** [[net (Samba command)|net]]
| | ==About== |
| ** [[nmblookup]]
| | [[Samba]] is open-source server software which allows "[[Network Neighborhood]]"-style communication between [[Microsoft Windows]] and other [[operating system]]s such as [[Linux]]. It is named after the [[SMB protocol]], which is what Windows uses for "Network Neighborhood" communication. |
| ** [[smbclient]]
| | ==Pages== |
| ** [[smbpasswd]]
| | * {{l/sub|browser}}: debugging master/domain browser issues |
| ** [[testparm]]
| | * {{l/sub|commands}} for interacting with Samba |
| * '''System commands''' (not usually run by the user)
| | * {{l/sub|how-to}}: specific things |
| ** [[smbd]]: the Samba [[daemon]]
| | * {{l/sub|printing}}: using Samba to serve shared printers |
| ** [[nmbd]]: the NetBIOS name servernmbd [[daemon]]
| | * {{l/sub|files}}: what the files mean and where they are kept |
| | | ==Errors== |
| ==Related Articles==
| | * [[The list of servers for this workgroup is not currently available]]: a Samba-related error on Windows XP |
| * '''files'''
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| ** [[smb.conf]]: the Samba configuration file
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| ** [[smbusers]]: the Samba users file
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| ==How To==
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| ===Debug connection/access issues===
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| Samba maintains activity logs in /var/log/samba/. There seem to be two logs, log.nmbd and log.smbd; log.smbd generally has information about connections and access, while log.nmbd has more to to with network-name resolution. The nature of the log files is configurable somewhat through [[smb.conf]] (see '''log level''', among others). Use '''[[tail (command)|tail]] -f /var/log/samba/log.smbd''' (for example) to monitor a logfile in real-time.
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| ===Restart the Samba Server===
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| If you have Fedora Core, there's a convenient little "services" application you can use to restart Samba and several dozen other services. For the rest of us, however, there's a command you have to execute from a root terminal.
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| On [[Ubuntu]], and probably other [[Debian]]-based systems:
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| [[sudo]] /etc/init.d/samba restart
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| On [[SuSE]] 10.0 and [[Fedora Core]] 4:
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| [[sudo]] /etc/init.d/smb restart
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| This will ask for a password; type in your password (not root's) unless you have reconfigured your sudo setup. (This assumes you have sudo privileges; if not, [[su]] to get root access and then type the rest of the command without the "sudo".)
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| On [[Red Hat Linux|Red Hat]], I'm told the command would be:
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| /sbin/samba restart
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| (Possibly substituting "smb" for "samba"; ls the directory in question to find a list of services.) This is the same general technique used for restarting services, which should itself probably be documented somewhere. (The Samba share configuration GUI program really ought to have a "restart Samba server" button, though, even if it does this automatically when you change parameters -- because there is no way to know if it is doing this otherwise.)
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| ===Configure Samba for "guest" logins===
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| As most home operating systems are now moving towards requiring users to have login accounts, this is becoming less necessary -- but it is still useful under some circumstances (such as wanting to give access to Win9x machines with the login dialogue bypassed).
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| Configuration for [[smb.conf]]:
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| In the [global] section:
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| # Causes Samba to act as WINS server, which turns network names into IP addresses.
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| wins support = yes
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| # Causes Samba to act as Local Master Browser
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| # (This can help prevent conflicts between XP and 9x, where XP tends to take over and refuse access to non-XP systems)
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| local master = yes
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| # These may or may not be important, but it's how my system is set:
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| socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
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| winbind uid = 16777216-33554431
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| winbind gid = 16777216-33554431
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| guest account = sambaguest
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| password server = None
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| guest ok = yes
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| security = SHARE
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| username map = /etc/samba/smbusers
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| # these options help to prevent permissions conflicts
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| # (where the "sambaguest" user creates files which (by default) nobody else can write or delete)
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| force group = lanusers
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| force create mode = 0060
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| create mask = 0775
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| I haven't tested these to see if these options are all helpful or if there are other options which are necessary; this is just a first pass based on a combination of (vague) understanding and actual experience.
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| After editing and saving smb.conf. restart the Samba daemon for changes to take effect.
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| Tentative explanation of "guest" status: SMB has the concept of a "guest account", which is what Win9x uses by default when connecting via SMB (if you set up user logins, then I think it uses the actual username, but I haven't tested this); the "guest account" setting is the user which Samba appears to be when the SMB "guest account" is accessing files. In other words, for example: files created by a SMB "guest account" will appear on a Linux system as created by "sambaguest". If the "force group" setting is used, then those files will also be owned by the specified group.
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| ===Automatic resolution of Network Neighborhood names=== | |
| (I researched this extensively for many months, but all the solutions I found were either hideously complicated or somehow inadequate. The solution turns out to be quite simple.)
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| Some explanation, for technical purists:
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| * '''Problem''': How can we add [[Network Neighborhood]] machine names to the search space used by [[Linux]]'s [[domain name resolver]]? | |
| * '''Justification''': This is needed so that commands which accept a domain name as input (e.g. ftp, ssh, mysql) can accept a machine name instead, removing the necessity to manually look up the machine's IP address. For example, I should be able to type '''ssh <u>machinename</u>''' instead of having to first look up <u>machinename</u>'s IP address via other methods, and then paste or retype that address (both methods prone to error) after the ssh command.
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| The solution:
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| * install [[winbind]] (usually available in standard repositories; Ubuntu has it)
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| * edit /etc/[[nsswitch.conf]]
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| ** change the "hosts" line to include "wins" before "dns".
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| This tells Linux's [[domain name resolver]] to check [[WINS]] before it checks [[DNS]] when resolving domain names. No further action should be required; test the change by trying to ping a local machine by name.
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| ====related useful information====
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| The command '''{{linuxcmd|nmblookup}} <u>machinename</u>''' returns an IP address, as will '''{{linuxcmd|net}} lookup <u>machinename</u>'''. nmblookup apparently sends out a broadcast request ("anyone here named <u>machinename</u>?"), while net lookup checks a central list (presumably on the Samba master browser). | |
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| ====notes====
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| [[WINS]] is a method of [[domain name resolution]], as is [[DNS]]. [[WINS]] (a protocol) originally used [[NetBIOS]] (another, lower-level protocol), but more recently has switched to using [[TCP]].
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| ==Reference==
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| *[[Wikipedia:Samba software]]
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| *[[Wikipedia:Server Message Block]]: SMB protocol
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| ==Links== | | ==Links== |
| * [http://searchopensource.techtarget.com/tip/1,289483,sid39_gci1138772,00.html Managing Samba: Choose your weapon -- Windows network ID basics]: seems to cover some useful concepts | | ===Official=== |
| | * [http://samba.org official site] |
| | ===Reference=== |
| | * '''Wikipedia''': |
| | ** {{l/wp|Samba software}} |
| | ** {{l/wp|Server Message Block}}: the SMB protocol |
| | ===Articles=== |
| | * '''1999-11''' [http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/samba/chapter/book/ch03_01.html Chapter 3: Configuring Windows Clients] from the book ''Using Samba'' by Robert Eckstein, David Collier-Brown, Peter Kelly (this shows how to set up [[Win9x]] machines for non-anonymous connection to Samba) |
| | * [http://searchopensource.techtarget.com/tip/1,289483,sid39_gci1138772,00.html Managing Samba: Choose your weapon – Windows network ID basics]: seems to cover some useful concepts |
