Git

About

Git is a version control system based on a powerful distributed model.

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• /notes

Concepts

• /squashing
• /modules

Commands

alphabetical

by function

git add updates the "staged" area using content found in the working tree (can be specified) git branch manages branches git checkout git clone copies a repository from somewhere else git commit commits changes currently staged git commit-tree git config git diff shows difference between current directory contents and what you have staged git fetch fetches named heads or tags from one or more other repositories, along with the objects necessary to complete them. git init initializes a new repository; does not add anything git log returns information about commits git merge joins two or more branches together git pull incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current branch. In its default mode, git pull is shorthand for git fetch followed by git merge FETCH_HEAD. git push updates remote refs using local refs, while sending objects necessary to complete the given refs git rebase forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head git read-tree git remote manage aliases for remote repositories git reset resets current HEAD to the specified state git rm removes files from staging and by default also from the filesystem git show git stash saves local modifications, reverts the working directory to match HEAD commit git status shows status of current repository git submodule manages modules git tag creates an alias for a particular revision git worktree git write-tree

initialization git config --global <param_name> <param_value> creating from scratch git init initializes a new repository; does not add anything git add updates the index using content found in the working tree (can be specified), to prepare the content staged for the next commit git rm removes files from staging and by default also from the filesystem git status shows status of current repository git diff shows difference between current directory contents and what you have staged git commit commits changes currently staged copying to elsewhere git remote add git push copying from elsewhere git clone copies a repository from somewhere else

Files

• gitignore

Software

• GUI clients:
  • gitk: generally distributed with git
  • git-cola
• 10.6 Git Internals - Transfer Protocols: technical details
  • could be used to implement a Git server

Services

• GitHub: free web-based git repository for open-source projects

Error Messages

• Error Code 403 fatal: HTTP request failed may indicate a bad password. I've found that sometimes the password either doesn't paste properly or else isn't being accepted the first time; trying again with the same password may work. (The password is not displayed, so I'm not sure which it is.)

Links

Reference

• Wikipedia
• manpage

How To

• Oh Shit, Git!?!: solutions to frequently encountered situations in Git
• How to Rename the master branch to main in Git: the GitHub portion of this is also doable in GitLab, though the process is slightly different.
• Change the default branch-name:
  • How can I create a Git repository with the default branch name other than "master"?: This lets you change the default name of the branch that is created for new repositories.

Online Books

• Pro Git
  • 1.3 Getting Started - Git Basics
  • 1.6 Getting Started - Getting Help
  • 2. Git Basics - "If you can read only one chapter to get going with Git, this is it. This chapter covers every basic command you need to do the vast majority of the things you’ll eventually spend your time doing with Git."
  • 4.4 Git on the Server - Setting Up the Server

Online Courses

• Learn to use Git @ Code School (free registration required)

Articles

• 2019-03-05 Building software together with Git: a non-technical introduction

Discussion

• beginner's practical guide to Git @ Stack Overflow