Git

About

Git is a version control system based on a powerful distributed model.

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/notes

Concepts

Commands

alphabetical

by function

git add updates the "staged" area using content found in the working tree (can be specified)
git branch manages branches
git checkout
git clone copies a repository from somewhere else
git commit commits changes currently staged
git commit-tree
git config
git diff shows difference between current directory contents and what you have staged
git fetch fetches named heads or tags from one or more other repositories, along with the objects necessary to complete them.
git init initializes a new repository; does not add anything
git log returns information about commits
git merge joins two or more branches together
git pull incorporates changes from a remote repository into the current branch. In its default mode, git pull is shorthand for git fetch followed by git merge FETCH_HEAD.
git push updates remote refs using local refs, while sending objects necessary to complete the given refs
git rebase forward-port local commits to the updated upstream head
git read-tree
git remote manage aliases for remote repositories
git reset resets current HEAD to the specified state
git rm removes files from staging and by default also from the filesystem
git show
git stash saves local modifications, reverts the working directory to match HEAD commit
git status shows status of current repository
git submodule manages modules
git tag creates an alias for a particular revision
git worktree
git write-tree

initialization

git config --global <param_name> <param_value>

creating from scratch

git init initializes a new repository; does not add anything
git add updates the index using content found in the working tree (can be specified), to prepare the content staged for the next commit
git rm removes files from staging and by default also from the filesystem
git status shows status of current repository
git diff shows difference between current directory contents and what you have staged
git commit commits changes currently staged

copying to elsewhere

git remote add
git push

copying from elsewhere

git clone copies a repository from somewhere else

Files

gitignore

Software

GUI clients:
- gitk: generally distributed with git
- git-cola
10.6 Git Internals - Transfer Protocols: technical details
- could be used to implement a Git server

Services

GitHub: free web-based git repository for open-source projects

Error Messages

Error Code 403 fatal: HTTP request failed may indicate a bad password. I've found that sometimes the password either doesn't paste properly or else isn't being accepted the first time; trying again with the same password may work. (The password is not displayed, so I'm not sure which it is.)

Links

Reference

How To

Oh Shit, Git!?!: solutions to frequently encountered situations in Git
How to Rename the master branch to main in Git: the GitHub portion of this is also doable in GitLab, though the process is slightly different.
Change the default branch-name:
- How can I create a Git repository with the default branch name other than "master"?: This lets you change the default name of the branch that is created for new repositories.

Online Books

Pro Git
- 1.3 Getting Started - Git Basics
- 1.6 Getting Started - Getting Help
- 2. Git Basics - "If you can read only one chapter to get going with Git, this is it. This chapter covers every basic command you need to do the vast majority of the things you’ll eventually spend your time doing with Git."
- 4.4 Git on the Server - Setting Up the Server

Online Courses

Learn to use Git @ Code School (free registration required)

Articles

2019-03-05 Building software together with Git: a non-technical introduction

Discussion

beginner's practical guide to Git @ Stack Overflow

Git

Contents