Ubuntu

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computing: software: operating systems: Linux: distros: Ubuntu

Overview

Ubuntu is a distribution (or "distro") of Linux.

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The project was founded by South African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth via his company, Canonical Ltd. According to Wikipedia, the name "Ubuntu" comes from the South African concept of Ubuntu — roughly, "humanity towards others".

Reference

• official home page
  • Kubuntu: Ubuntu with KDE
• Wikipedia

Links

• How it works
  • Ubuntu Startup
• System 76:
  • free stickers
  • laptops and desktops with Ubuntu pre-installed

Reviews

• 2007-09-13 Linux’s Free System Is Now Easier to Use, But Not for Everyone by Walter S. Mossberg, The Wall Street Journal: includes video
  • It should be noted that two of the problems Mossberg notes (the need to install a codec in order to play MP3s, and the inability to play commercial DVDs out of the box) are due to licensing restrictions on the proprietary technologies involved. Microsoft Windows is able to include these technologies because the sale price covers the cost of the licenses. Since Ubuntu is given away free, however, they cannot afford to pay the per-copy licensing fee required by the owners of these technologies. See intellectual property (on Issuepedia) for issue discussion.
  • It's also a bit misleading when he says nobody is ultimately responsible for the end product; the owners of each distro (which range from informal coalitions of developers with no physical headquarters to larger companies like Canonical) are ultimately responsible for ensuring the proper functionality and integration of all the components they choose for their distro; they all lack, however, the vast resources of Microsoft -- not to mention clout in the hardware industry, which now makes it de rigeur for every piece of PC hardware to ship with Windows drivers, while you are lucky to find hardware that comes with Linux drivers at all, and often Linux developers working for free are unable to obtain even the hardware specifications from which to work (many Linux hardware drivers are written entirely from reverse-engineering the hardware). Also, it is possible in many cases to buy on-site Linux support, which can still work out to be significantly cheaper than buying Windows (for which one often needs tech support as well, something Mossberg does not mention).

Discussion

• wish list: suggestions for improving the Gnome implementation in Ubuntu

Upgrading

• The official method of upgrading from 6.06 to 6.10 is:

gksu "update-manager -c"

...however, many people are reportedly having problems with this.

The Kubuntu equivalent for this is:

sudo update-manager -c

or, if you would prefer to be interacted with before actually doing the update:

sudo update-manager

Some versions of Kubuntu do not come with update-manager, but it can be installed via apt ("apt-get install update-manager", run as root or with sudo). There have been reports that it needs additional modules which may need to be installed as well and it may just be easier to use another method (...but so far this has worked whenever I have used it. --Woozle 09:02, 23 October 2007 (EDT))

Blog Entries

• 2006-09-06 Mark Shuttleworth can afford freedom (Forbes)

Notes

• The standard install does not include many available packages; to access the additional packages, you need to enable (or add) the appropriate repositories. This can be done either through one of the package managers (apt, Synaptic, Adept) or by directly editing sources.list. sample sources.list
• When running the LiveCD, the user is apparently "ubuntu" with an empty password (this works for logging in). Unfortunately, this doesn't work for unlocking a locked session. What you can do, however, is start a new session, then change your password within that session, log out, and use the new password to log back in to your original session. (On an IBM Thinkpad, however, the screen became munged after ending the 2nd session, and we haven't been able to figure out how to fix that.)
• Many (all?) GUI apps seem to generate the following errors when run from the console, even though they may work just fine:

X Error: BadDevice, invalid or uninitialized input device 166
  Major opcode:  144
  Minor opcode:  3
  Resource id:  0x0
Failed to open device
X Error: BadDevice, invalid or uninitialized input device 166
  Major opcode:  144
  Minor opcode:  3
  Resource id:  0x0
Failed to open device
ScimInputContextPlugin()
~ScimInputContextPlugin()

Does anyone know what this means?

• Despite what some Linux purist-enthusiasts may say, Ubuntu is trying to become as user-friendly as Windows. "Microsoft has a majority market share in the new desktop PC marketplace" is listed as Bug #1 on the Bugs in Ubuntu database.