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[[Category:Linux
{{linux shell commands|dd}}
Shell Commands]]
 
[[Techniques]]: [[Linux]]: [[dd]]
==Documentation==
==Documentation==
===NAME===
===NAME===
[[dd]] - convert and copy a file ===SYNOPSIS===
[[dd]] - convert and copy a file  
[[dd]] [''OPTION'']... ===DESCRIPTION===
===SYNOPSIS===
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the options.
[[dd]] [''OPTION'']...  
===DESCRIPTION===
Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the options.  
*'''bs='''''BYTES''
*'''bs='''''BYTES''
:force '''ibs='''''BYTES'' and '''obs='''''BYTES''
:force '''ibs='''''BYTES'' and '''obs='''''BYTES''
*'''cbs='''''BYTES''
*'''cbs='''''BYTES''
:convert ''BYTES'' bytes at a time *'''conv='''''KEYWORDS''
:convert ''BYTES'' bytes at a time  
:convert the file as per the comma separated keyword list
*'''conv='''''KEYWORDS''
:convert the file as per the comma separated keyword list  
*'''count='''''BLOCKS''
*'''count='''''BLOCKS''
:copy only ''BLOCKS'' input blocks *'''ibs='''''BYTES''
:copy only ''BLOCKS'' input blocks  
:read ''BYTES'' bytes at a time *'''if='''''FILE''
*'''ibs='''''BYTES''
:read from ''FILE'' instead of stdin *'''obs='''''BYTES''
:read ''BYTES'' bytes at a time  
:write ''BYTES'' bytes at a time *'''of='''''FILE''
*'''if='''''FILE''
:write to ''FILE'' instead of stdout *'''seek='''''BLOCKS''
:read from ''FILE'' instead of stdin  
:skip ''BLOCKS'' ''obs''-sized blocks at start of output
*'''obs='''''BYTES''
:write ''BYTES'' bytes at a time  
*'''of='''''FILE''
:write to ''FILE'' instead of stdout  
*'''seek='''''BLOCKS''
:skip ''BLOCKS'' ''obs''-sized blocks at start of output  
*'''skip='''''BLOCKS''
*'''skip='''''BLOCKS''
:skip ''BLOCKS'' ''ibs''-sized blocks at start of input *'''--help'''
:skip ''BLOCKS'' ''ibs''-sized blocks at start of input  
:display this help and exit *'''--version'''
*'''--help'''
:output version information and exit ''BLOCKS'' and ''BYTES'' may be
:display this help and exit  
followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: xM M, c 1, w 2, b
*'''--version'''
512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G
:output version information and exit  
1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
''BLOCKS'' and ''BYTES'' may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: xM M, c 1, w 2, b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
Each ''KEYWORD'' may be: *'''ascii''' - from EBCDIC to ASCII
 
*'''ebcdic''' - from ASCII to EBCDIC *'''ibm''' - from ASCII to
Each ''KEYWORD'' may be:  
alternated EBCDIC *'''block''' - pad newline-terminated records with
*'''ascii''' - from EBCDIC to ASCII  
spaces to cbs-size *'''unblock''' - replace trailing spaces in cbs-size
*'''ebcdic''' - from ASCII to EBCDIC  
records with newline *'''lcase''' - change upper case to lower case
*'''ibm''' - from ASCII to alternated EBCDIC  
*'''notrunc''' - do not truncate the output file *'''ucase''' - change
*'''block''' - pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size  
lower case to upper case *'''swab''' - swap every pair of input bytes
*'''unblock''' - replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline  
*'''noerror''' - continue after read errors *'''sync''' - pad every
*'''lcase''' - change upper case to lower case  
input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used with block or unblock, pad
*'''notrunc''' - do not truncate the output file  
with spaces rather than NULs Note that sending a SIGUSR1 signal to a
*'''ucase''' - change lower case to upper case  
running `dd' process makes it print to standard error the number of
*'''swab''' - swap every pair of input bytes  
records read and written so far, then to resume copying. $ dd
*'''noerror''' - continue after read errors  
if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$! $ kill -USR1 $pid; sleep 1; kill
*'''sync''' - pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs  
$pid 10899206+0 records in 10899206+0 records out ===AUTHOR===
 
Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp. ===REPORTING
Note that sending a SIGUSR1 signal to a running `dd' process makes it print to standard error the number of records read and written so far, then to resume copying.  
BUGS===
$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$!  
Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>. ===COPYRIGHT===
$ kill -USR1 $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid  
Copyright &copy; 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free
10899206+0 records in 10899206+0 records out  
software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty;
===AUTHOR===
not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp.  
===REPORTING BUGS===
Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.  
===COPYRIGHT===
Copyright &copy; 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  
===SEE ALSO===
===SEE ALSO===
The full documentation for dd is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the
The full documentation for dd is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and dd programs are properly installed at your site, the command  
info and dd programs are properly installed at your site, the command
info coreutils dd  
info coreutils dd should give you access to the complete manual.
should give you access to the complete manual.
==Edit Log==
==Edit Log==
*'''2005-06-25''' Created from Linux manpage (Ubuntu hoary)
*'''2005-06-25''' Created from Linux manpage (Ubuntu hoary)

Revision as of 20:05, 14 October 2005

Template:linux shell commands

Documentation

NAME

dd - convert and copy a file

SYNOPSIS

dd [OPTION]...

DESCRIPTION

Copy a file, converting and formatting according to the options.

  • bs=BYTES
force ibs=BYTES and obs=BYTES
  • cbs=BYTES
convert BYTES bytes at a time
  • conv=KEYWORDS
convert the file as per the comma separated keyword list
  • count=BLOCKS
copy only BLOCKS input blocks
  • ibs=BYTES
read BYTES bytes at a time
  • if=FILE
read from FILE instead of stdin
  • obs=BYTES
write BYTES bytes at a time
  • of=FILE
write to FILE instead of stdout
  • seek=BLOCKS
skip BLOCKS obs-sized blocks at start of output
  • skip=BLOCKS
skip BLOCKS ibs-sized blocks at start of input
  • --help
display this help and exit
  • --version
output version information and exit

BLOCKS and BYTES may be followed by the following multiplicative suffixes: xM M, c 1, w 2, b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.

Each KEYWORD may be:

  • ascii - from EBCDIC to ASCII
  • ebcdic - from ASCII to EBCDIC
  • ibm - from ASCII to alternated EBCDIC
  • block - pad newline-terminated records with spaces to cbs-size
  • unblock - replace trailing spaces in cbs-size records with newline
  • lcase - change upper case to lower case
  • notrunc - do not truncate the output file
  • ucase - change lower case to upper case
  • swab - swap every pair of input bytes
  • noerror - continue after read errors
  • sync - pad every input block with NULs to ibs-size; when used with block or unblock, pad with spaces rather than NULs

Note that sending a SIGUSR1 signal to a running `dd' process makes it print to standard error the number of records read and written so far, then to resume copying. 

$ dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null& pid=$! 
$ kill -USR1 $pid; sleep 1; kill $pid 
10899206+0 records in 10899206+0 records out

AUTHOR

Written by Paul Rubin, David MacKenzie, and Stuart Kemp.

REPORTING BUGS

Report bugs to <bug-coreutils@gnu.org>.

Copyright © 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.

SEE ALSO

The full documentation for dd is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and dd programs are properly installed at your site, the command 

info coreutils dd

should give you access to the complete manual.

Edit Log

  • 2005-06-25 Created from Linux manpage (Ubuntu hoary)
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