Difference between revisions of "Perl built-in functions"
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− | {{ | + | {{boxright|__TOC__}}[[Computing]]: [[Programming]]: [[Perl]]: [[Perl built-in functions|built-in functions]]{{seed}} |
+ | ==By Type== | ||
+ | ===Arrays=== | ||
+ | * '''{{perlfunc|join}}'''(<u>demarc</u>,<u>array</u>) – joins <u>array</u> elements into one string, using <u>demarc</u> as a seperator string | ||
+ | * '''{{perlfunc|split}}'''(<u>pattern</u>,<u>string</u>,<u>limit</u>) – splits <u>string</u> into an array (return value) by dividing it wherever <u>pattern</u> is matched | ||
+ | * '''{{perlfunc|splice}}'''(<u>target</u>,<u>offset</u>,<u>length</u>,<u>source</u>) – combines parts of two arrays (replaces parts of <u>target</u> with <u>source</u>) | ||
+ | * '''{{perlfunc|pop}}'''(<u>array</u>) – remove/return the last element of <u>array</u> | ||
+ | * '''{{perlfunc|push}}'''(<u>target</u>,<u>source</u>) – adds elements from <u>source</u> to the end of the array <u>target</u> (opposite of {{perlfunc|pop}}()) | ||
+ | * '''{{perlfunc|reverse}}'''(<u>array</u>) – returns an array containing the elements of the input <u>array</u> in reverse order | ||
+ | * '''{{perlfunc|sort}}'''(<u>array</u>) – returns an array containing the elements of the input <u>array</u> in sorted order | ||
+ | * '''{{perlfunc|shift}}'''(<u>array</u>) – remove/return the first element of <u>array</u> (opposite of {{perlfunc|unshift}}()) | ||
+ | * '''{{perlfunc|unshift}}'''(<u>target</u>,<u>source</u>) – add elements from the array <u>source</u> to the beginning of the array <u>target</u> (opposite of {{perlfunc|shift}}()) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Dirs=== | ||
+ | * '''opendir'''(<u>dirhandle</u>, <u>dirspec</u>) | ||
+ | * '''rmdir''' | ||
+ | ====Dir Handles==== | ||
+ | * '''closedir''' | ||
+ | * '''readdir''' | ||
+ | * '''rewinddir''' | ||
+ | * '''seekdir''' | ||
+ | ===Files=== | ||
+ | * '''chdir''' | ||
+ | * '''chmod''' | ||
+ | * '''chown''' | ||
+ | * '''chroot''' | ||
+ | * '''link''' | ||
+ | * '''mkdir''' | ||
+ | * '''open'''(<u>filehandle</u>, <u>filespec</u>) | ||
+ | * '''readlink''' | ||
+ | * '''rename''' | ||
+ | ====File Handles==== | ||
+ | * '''binmode''' | ||
+ | * '''close''' | ||
+ | * '''eof''' | ||
+ | * '''flock''' | ||
+ | * '''getc''' | ||
+ | * '''lstat''' | ||
+ | * '''read''' | ||
+ | * '''seek''' | ||
+ | * '''truncate''' | ||
+ | * '''write''' | ||
+ | ===Numeric=== | ||
+ | * '''abs'''(<u>number</u>) | ||
+ | * '''exp''' | ||
+ | * '''log''' | ||
+ | * '''rand''' | ||
+ | ** '''srand''' | ||
+ | * '''sqrt''' | ||
+ | ====Base conversion==== | ||
+ | * '''hex''' | ||
+ | * '''oct''' | ||
+ | ====Trigonometry==== | ||
+ | * '''atan2'''(<u>Y</u>, <u>X</u>) - returns the [[arctangent]] of <u>Y</u>/<u>X</u> | ||
+ | * '''cos''' | ||
+ | * '''sin''' | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===RegEx=== | ||
+ | * '''m/'''<u>pattern</u>'''/''' | ||
+ | * '''quotemeta''' | ||
+ | * '''s/'''<u>pattern</u>'''/'''<u>replacement</u>'''/'''''egimosx'' | ||
+ | * '''tr/'''<u>search_list</u>'''/'''<u>replace_list</u>'''/'''''cds'' | ||
+ | * '''y/'''<u>search_list</u>'''/'''<u>replace_list</u>'''/'''''cds'' | ||
+ | ===String=== | ||
+ | * '''chomp''' | ||
+ | * '''chop''' | ||
+ | * '''crypt''' | ||
+ | * '''index''' | ||
+ | * '''lc''' | ||
+ | * '''lcfirst''' | ||
+ | * '''length''' | ||
+ | * '''quotemeta''' | ||
+ | * '''rindex''' | ||
+ | * '''scalar''' | ||
+ | * '''{{perlfunc|substr}}'''(<u>source</u>,<u>offset</u>,<u>len</u>) – return <u>len</u> bytes from <u>source</u> after skipping <u>offset</u> characters | ||
+ | * '''uc''' | ||
+ | * '''ucfirst''' | ||
+ | * '''unpack''' | ||
+ | ====conversion==== | ||
+ | * '''int''' | ||
+ | ====single-character==== | ||
+ | * '''chr'''(<u>number</u>) - returns the character whose [[ASCII]] code is <u>number</u> | ||
+ | * '''ord'''(<u>string</u>) - returns the [[ASCII]] code of the first character in <u>string</u> | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===Time=== | ||
+ | * '''gmtime''' | ||
+ | * '''localtime''' | ||
+ | * '''time''' | ||
+ | * '''times''' | ||
==Alphabetical== | ==Alphabetical== | ||
===A=== | ===A=== | ||
Line 5: | Line 93: | ||
*'''accept'''() | *'''accept'''() | ||
*'''alarm'''(''$seconds'') - sends an alarm signal after ''$seconds'' seconds | *'''alarm'''(''$seconds'') - sends an alarm signal after ''$seconds'' seconds | ||
− | *'''atan2'''(''$y'',''$x'') - returns the | + | *'''atan2'''(''$y'',''$x'') - returns the [[arctangent]] of ''$y''/''$x'' |
+ | |||
===B=== | ===B=== | ||
*'''bind'''() | *'''bind'''() | ||
Line 96: | Line 185: | ||
*'''kill'''() | *'''kill'''() | ||
===L=== | ===L=== | ||
− | *'''last'''() | + | * '''last'''() |
− | *'''lc'''(''string'') - returns ''string'' in lowercase | + | * '''lc'''(''string'') - returns ''string'' in lowercase |
− | *'''lcfirst'''(''string'') - returns ''string'' with first character lowercased | + | * '''lcfirst'''(''string'') - returns ''string'' with first character lowercased |
+ | * '''length'''(''string'') - returns length (number of characters in) ''string'' | ||
+ | * '''link'''(''oldfile'',''newfile'') - creates ''newfile'' as a link to ''oldfile'' | ||
+ | * '''listen'''(''socket'',''queuesize'') - waits for incoming events on a socket | ||
+ | * '''{{perlfunc|local}}'''(''variable list'') - makes all variables in ''variable list'' local to the current subroutine | ||
+ | * '''localtime'''(''number'') - converts the binary time stored in ''number'' to a 9-element list and localizes it to the machine's timezone | ||
+ | * '''log'''(''number'') - returns the [[natural logarithm]] (i.e. ''log<sub>e</sub>'') of ''number'' | ||
+ | * '''lstat'''(''fileHandle'') - returns file statistics for the file opened with file handle ''fileHandle'' (does not de-reference symbolic links) | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===M=== | ||
+ | * '''m'''''/pattern/''<u>gimosx</u> - performs pattern-matching; other characters may be used as delimiters instead of "/". See [[Perl regex]] | ||
+ | * '''map'''(''expr'',''list'') - returns an array containing the output of ''expr(list item)'' for each item in ''list'' | ||
+ | * '''mkdir'''(''name'',''mode'') - creates a directory named ''name'' (can be relative or absolute filespec), with the file attributes in ''mode''. See [[mkdir]] for related information. | ||
+ | * '''msgctl''' | ||
+ | * '''msgget''' | ||
+ | * '''msgrcv''' | ||
+ | * '''msgsnd''' | ||
+ | * '''{{perlfunc|my}}'''(''variable list'') - makes all variables in ''variable list'' local to the current {block} | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===N=== | ||
+ | * '''next''' | ||
+ | * '''no''' | ||
+ | ===O=== | ||
+ | * '''oct'''(<u>string</u>) - converts <u>string</u> from octal to decimal | ||
+ | * '''open'''(<u>fileHandle</u>, <u>name</u>) - opens a file named <u>name</u> and associates it with <u>fileHandle</u> | ||
+ | * '''opendir'''(<u>dirHandle</u>, <u>name</u>) - opens a directory named <u>name</u> and associates it with <u>dirHandle</u> | ||
+ | * '''ord'''(<u>string</u>) - returns the ASCII code of the first character in <u>string</u>, as an integer | ||
+ | ===P=== | ||
+ | * '''pack'''(<u>template</u>, <u>list</u>) | ||
+ | * '''pipe'''(<u>readhandle</u>, <u>writehandle</u>) | ||
+ | * '''pop'''(<u>array</u>) | ||
+ | * '''pos'''(<u>scalar</u>) | ||
+ | * '''print'''(<u>filehandle</u>, <u>list</u>) | ||
+ | * '''printf'''(<u>filehandle</u>, <u>list</u>) | ||
+ | * '''push'''(<u>array</u>, <u>list</u>) | ||
+ | ===Q=== | ||
+ | * '''q/'''<u>string</u>'''/''' | ||
+ | * '''qq/'''<u>string</u>'''/''' | ||
+ | * '''quotemeta'''(<u>string</u>) - prepares a ''string'' for use in a regex by backslashing any characters with special meanings | ||
+ | * '''qw/'''<u>string</u>'''/''' | ||
+ | * '''qx/'''<u>string</u>'''/''' | ||
+ | ===R=== | ||
+ | * '''rand'''(<u>number</u>) - returns a random number between 0 and <u>number</u> | ||
+ | * '''read'''(<u>filehandle</u>, <u>scalar</u>, <u>length</u>) | ||
+ | * '''readdir''' | ||
+ | * '''readlink''' | ||
+ | * '''recv''' | ||
+ | * '''redo''' | ||
+ | * '''ref''' | ||
+ | * '''rename'''(<u>oldname</u>, <u>newname</u>) - renames file <u>oldname</u> to <u>newname</u> | ||
+ | * '''require'''(<u>filename</u>) - executes the Perl code inside file <u>filename</u> (if no path specified, searches Perl path) | ||
+ | * '''reset''' | ||
+ | * '''return''' | ||
+ | * '''reverse'''(<u>list</u>) - reverses the sorting of array <u>list</u> | ||
+ | * '''rewinddir''' | ||
+ | * '''rindex'''(<u>string</u>, <u>substring</u>) - returns the position of the ''last'' occurrence of <u>substring</u> in <u>string</u> | ||
+ | * '''rmdir''' | ||
+ | ===S=== |
Latest revision as of 13:15, 20 April 2006
Computing: Programming: Perl: built-in functions
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|
By Type
Arrays
- join(demarc,array) – joins array elements into one string, using demarc as a seperator string
- split(pattern,string,limit) – splits string into an array (return value) by dividing it wherever pattern is matched
- splice(target,offset,length,source) – combines parts of two arrays (replaces parts of target with source)
- pop(array) – remove/return the last element of array
- push(target,source) – adds elements from source to the end of the array target (opposite of pop())
- reverse(array) – returns an array containing the elements of the input array in reverse order
- sort(array) – returns an array containing the elements of the input array in sorted order
- shift(array) – remove/return the first element of array (opposite of unshift())
- unshift(target,source) – add elements from the array source to the beginning of the array target (opposite of shift())
Dirs
- opendir(dirhandle, dirspec)
- rmdir
Dir Handles
- closedir
- readdir
- rewinddir
- seekdir
Files
- chdir
- chmod
- chown
- chroot
- link
- mkdir
- open(filehandle, filespec)
- readlink
- rename
File Handles
- binmode
- close
- eof
- flock
- getc
- lstat
- read
- seek
- truncate
- write
Numeric
- abs(number)
- exp
- log
- rand
- srand
- sqrt
Base conversion
- hex
- oct
Trigonometry
- atan2(Y, X) - returns the arctangent of Y/X
- cos
- sin
RegEx
- m/pattern/
- quotemeta
- s/pattern/replacement/egimosx
- tr/search_list/replace_list/cds
- y/search_list/replace_list/cds
String
- chomp
- chop
- crypt
- index
- lc
- lcfirst
- length
- quotemeta
- rindex
- scalar
- substr(source,offset,len) – return len bytes from source after skipping offset characters
- uc
- ucfirst
- unpack
conversion
- int
single-character
- chr(number) - returns the character whose ASCII code is number
- ord(string) - returns the ASCII code of the first character in string
Time
- gmtime
- localtime
- time
- times
Alphabetical
A
- abs(arg) - returns absolute value of arg
- accept()
- alarm($seconds) - sends an alarm signal after $seconds seconds
- atan2($y,$x) - returns the arctangent of $y/$x
B
- bind()
- binmode(filehandle) - sets filehandle to be treated as binary
- bless()
C
- caller()
- chdir()
- chmod()
- chomp()
- chop()
- chown()
- chr()
- chroot()
- close()
- closedir()
- connect()
- cos()
- crypt()
D
- dbmclose()
- dbmopen()
- defined()
- delete()
- die()
- do subroutine
- dump()
E
- each()
- endgrent
- endhostent
- endnetent
- endprotoent
- endpwent
- endservent
- eof()
- eval()
- exec()
- exists($assoc($key)) - returns TRUE if $key exists within the hash $assoc. Doesn't work with dbm hashes.
- exit()
- exp()
F
- fcntl()
- fileno()
- flock()
- fork
- format
- formline()
G
- getc()
- getgrent
- getgrgid()
- getgrnam()
- gethostbyaddr()
- gethostbyname()
- gethostent
- getlogin
- getnetbyaddr()
- getnetbyname()
- getnetent
- getpeername()
- getpgrp()
- getppid
- getpriority()
- getprotobyname()
- getprotobynumber()
- getprotoent
- getpwent
- getpwnam()
- getpwuid()
- getserverbyname()
- getserverbyport()
- getservent
- getsockname()
- getsockopt()
- glob()
- gmtime()
- goto()
- grep()
H
- hex()
I
- index()
- int()
- ioctl()
J
- join()
K
- keys()
- kill()
L
- last()
- lc(string) - returns string in lowercase
- lcfirst(string) - returns string with first character lowercased
- length(string) - returns length (number of characters in) string
- link(oldfile,newfile) - creates newfile as a link to oldfile
- listen(socket,queuesize) - waits for incoming events on a socket
- local(variable list) - makes all variables in variable list local to the current subroutine
- localtime(number) - converts the binary time stored in number to a 9-element list and localizes it to the machine's timezone
- log(number) - returns the natural logarithm (i.e. loge) of number
- lstat(fileHandle) - returns file statistics for the file opened with file handle fileHandle (does not de-reference symbolic links)
M
- m/pattern/gimosx - performs pattern-matching; other characters may be used as delimiters instead of "/". See Perl regex
- map(expr,list) - returns an array containing the output of expr(list item) for each item in list
- mkdir(name,mode) - creates a directory named name (can be relative or absolute filespec), with the file attributes in mode. See mkdir for related information.
- msgctl
- msgget
- msgrcv
- msgsnd
- my(variable list) - makes all variables in variable list local to the current {block}
N
- next
- no
O
- oct(string) - converts string from octal to decimal
- open(fileHandle, name) - opens a file named name and associates it with fileHandle
- opendir(dirHandle, name) - opens a directory named name and associates it with dirHandle
- ord(string) - returns the ASCII code of the first character in string, as an integer
P
- pack(template, list)
- pipe(readhandle, writehandle)
- pop(array)
- pos(scalar)
- print(filehandle, list)
- printf(filehandle, list)
- push(array, list)
Q
- q/string/
- qq/string/
- quotemeta(string) - prepares a string for use in a regex by backslashing any characters with special meanings
- qw/string/
- qx/string/
R
- rand(number) - returns a random number between 0 and number
- read(filehandle, scalar, length)
- readdir
- readlink
- recv
- redo
- ref
- rename(oldname, newname) - renames file oldname to newname
- require(filename) - executes the Perl code inside file filename (if no path specified, searches Perl path)
- reset
- return
- reverse(list) - reverses the sorting of array list
- rewinddir
- rindex(string, substring) - returns the position of the last occurrence of substring in string
- rmdir