Difference between revisions of "Qemu"

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[[Category:Techniques]]
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[[Computing]]: [[Emulators]]: [[Qemu]]
[[Techniques]]: Software: Emuators: [[Qemu]]
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[http://qemu.org/ QEMU] is an open source processor emulator. It
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[[Qemu]] is an open source processor emulator. It emulates a variety of different [http://qemu.org/status.html CPUs and systems], and achieves good speed by using dynamic translation.
emulates a variety of different [http://qemu.org/status.html CPUs and
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==Reference==
systems], and achieves good speed by using dynamic translation.
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* [http://qemu.org/ official homepage]
==Some Quick Notes==
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* {{wikipedia|QEMU}}
*Creating the disk image: qemu-img create win98hd.img 2G qemu -hda
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win98hd.img -cdrom win98.iso -boot d
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==Articles==
For linux host systems, there is a loadable kernel module (called
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*[[Qemu on Linux]]: setting up and using Qemu under Linux
kqemu) that will allow qemu to run at near native speeds. At the time
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*[[Win98 in Qemu]]: installing and running [[Windows 98]] inside Qemu
of this writing, there aren't distributed packages available with the
 
module built, so you'll need to download the source from the website
 
and compile it locally.
 
First download the
 
[http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/qemu-0.7.0.tar.gz qemu source] and
 
[[untar]] it. Then download the
 
[http://fabrice.bellard.free.fr/qemu/kqemu-0.6.2-1.tar.gz kqemu source]
 
and [[untar]] it within the qemu source directory. Then run ./configure
 
&& make && sudo make install. You might also want to
 
install the vgabios package from your package manager.
 
If you're wanting to run [[Windows 98]] under qemu, this option is moot
 
because kqemu and Win98 don't get along.
 
==Documentation==
 
===NAME===
 
[[qemu]] - QEMU System Emulator ===SYNOPSIS===
 
usage: [[qemu]] [options] [disk_image] ===DESCRIPTION===
 
The QEMU System emulator simulates a complete PC. In order to meet
 
specific user needs, two versions of QEMU are available: #"qemu-fast"
 
uses the host Memory Management Unit (MMU) to simulate the x86 MMU. It
 
is fast but has limitations because the whole 4 GB address space cannot
 
be used and some memory mapped peripherials cannot be emulated
 
accurately yet. Therefore, a specific guest Linux kernel can be used
 
Moreover there is no separation between the host and target address
 
spaces, so it offers no security (the target OS can modify the
 
"qemu-fast" code by writing at the right addresses). #"qemu" uses a
 
software MMU. It is about two times slower but gives a more accurate
 
emulation and a complete separation between the host and target address
 
spaces. QEMU emulates the following PC peripherials: *i440FX host PCI
 
bridge and PIIX3 PCI to ISA bridge *Cirrus CLGD 5446 PCI VGA card or
 
dummy VGA card with Bochs VESA extensions (hardware level, including
 
all non-standard modes). *PS/2 mouse and keyboard *2 PCI IDE interfaces
 
with hard disk and CD-ROM support *Floppy disk *NE2000 PCI network
 
adapters *Serial ports *Soundblaster 16 card QEMU uses the PC BIOS from
 
the [[Bochs]] project and the Plex86/Bochs LGPL VGA BIOS. ===OPTIONS===
 
*''disk_image'' is a raw hard disk image for IDE hard disk 0.
 
====General options====
 
*'''-fda''' ''file''
 
*'''-fdb''' ''file''
 
:Use file as floppy disk 0/1 image You can use the host floppy by using
 
/dev/fd0 as filename. *'''-hda''' ''file''
 
*'''-hdb''' ''file''
 
*'''-hdc''' ''file''
 
*'''-hdd''' ''file''
 
:Use file as hard disk 0, 1, 2 or 3 image *'''-cdrom''' ''file''
 
:Use file as CD-ROM image (you cannot use -hdc and and -cdrom at the
 
same time). You can use the host CD-ROM by using /dev/cdrom as
 
filename. *'''-boot''' ['''a'''|'''c'''|'''d''']
 
:Boot on floppy (a), hard disk (c) or CD-ROM (d). Hard disk boot is the
 
default. *'''-snapshot'''
 
:Write to temporary files instead of disk image files. In this case,
 
the raw disk image you use is not written back. You can however force
 
the write back by pressing C-a s *'''-m''' ''megs''
 
:Set virtual RAM size to ''megs'' megabytes. Default is 128 MB.
 
*'''-nographic'''
 
:Normally, QEMU uses SDL to display the VGA output. With this option,
 
you can totally disable graphical output so that QEMU is a simple
 
command line application. The emulated serial port is redirected on the
 
console. Therefore, you can still use QEMU to debug a Linux kernel with
 
a serial console. *'''-enable-audio'''
 
:The SB16 emulation is disabled by default as it may give problems with
 
Windows. You can enable it manually with this option. *'''-localtime'''
 
:Set the real time clock to local time (the default is to UTC time).
 
This option is needed to have correct date in
 
MS-DOS or Windows. *'''-full-screen'''
 
:Start in full screen. ====Network options====
 
*'''-n''' ''script''
 
:Set TUN/TAP network init script [default=/etc/qemu-ifup]. This script
 
is launched to configure the host network interface (usually tun0)
 
corresponding to the virtual NE2000 card. *'''-macaddr''' ''addr''
 
:Set the mac address of the first interface (the format is
 
aa:bb:cc:dd:ee:ff in hexa). The mac address is incremented for each new
 
network interface. *'''-tun-fd''' ''fd''
 
:Assumes ''fd'' talks to a tap/tun host network interface and use it.
 
Read <http://bellard.org/qemu/tetrinet.html> to have an example
 
of its use. *'''-user-net'''
 
:Use the user mode network stack. This is the default if no tun/tap
 
network init script is found. *'''-tftp''' ''prefix''
 
:When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in TFTP
 
server. All filenames beginning with ''prefix'' can be downloaded from
 
the host to the guest using a TFTP client. The TFTP client on the guest
 
must be configured in binary mode (use the command "bin" of the Unix
 
TFTP client). The host IP address on the guest is as usual 10.0.2.2.
 
*'''-smb''' ''dir''
 
:When using the user mode network stack, activate a built-in SMB server
 
so that Windows OSes can access to the host files in ''dir''
 
transparently. :In the guest Windows OS, the line: 10.0.2.4 smbserver
 
:must be added in the file C:\WINDOWS\LMHOSTS (for windows 9x/Me) or
 
C:\WINNT\SYSTEM32\DRIVERS\ETC\LMHOSTS (Windows NT/2000). Then dir can
 
be accessed in \\smbserver\qemu. :Note that a SAMBA server must be
 
installed on the host OS in /usr/sbin/smbd. QEMU was tested succesfully
 
with smbd version 2.2.7a from the Red Hat 9. *'''-redir'''
 
['''tcp'''|'''udp''']''':'''''host-port''''':'''[''guest-host'']''':'''''guest-port''
 
:When using the user mode network stack, redirect incoming TCP or UDP
 
connections to the host port host-port to the guest guest-host on guest
 
port guest-port. If guest-host is not specified, its value is 10.0.2.15
 
(default address given by the built-in DHCP server). :For example, to
 
redirect host X11 connection from screen 1 to guest screen 0, use the
 
following: # on the host [[qemu]] -redir tcp:6001::6000 [...] # this
 
host xterm should open in the guest X11 server [[xterm]] -display :1
 
:To redirect telnet connections from host port 5555 to telnet port on
 
the guest, use the following: # on the host [[qemu]] -redir
 
tcp:5555::23 [...] [[telnet]] localhost 5555
 
:Then when you use on the host "telnet localhost 5555", you connect to
 
the guest telnet server. *'''-dummy-net'''
 
:Use the dummy network stack: no packet will be received by the network
 
cards. ====Linux boot specific====
 
When using these options, you can use a given Linux kernel without
 
installing it in the disk image. It can be useful for easier testing of
 
various kernels. *'''-kernel''' ''bzImage''
 
:Use ''bzImage'' as kernel image. *'''-append''' ''cmdline''
 
:Use cmdline as kernel command line *'''-initrd''' ''file''
 
:Use ''file'' as initial ram disk. ====Debug/Expert options====
 
*'''-serial''' ''dev''
 
:Redirect the virtual serial port to host device ''dev''. Available
 
devices are: **"vc"
 
**:Virtual console **"pty"
 
**:[Linux only] Pseudo TTY (a new PTY is automatically allocated)
 
**"null"
 
**:void device **"stdio"
 
**:[Unix only] standard input/output :The default device is "vc" in
 
graphical mode and "stdio" in non graphical mode. :This option can be
 
used several times to simulate up to 4 serials ports. *'''-monitor'''
 
''dev''
 
:Redirect the monitor to host device ''dev'' (same devices as the
 
serial port). The default device is "vc" in graphical mode and "stdio"
 
in non graphical mode. *'''-s'''
 
:Wait gdb connection to port 1234 *'''-p''' ''port''
 
:Change gdb connection port. *'''-S'''
 
:Do not start CPU at startup (you must type 'c' in the monitor).
 
*'''-d'''
 
:Output log in /tmp/qemu.log *'''-isa'''
 
:Simulate an ISA-only system (default is PCI system). *'''-std-vga'''
 
:Simulate a standard VGA card with Bochs VBE extensions (default is
 
Cirrus Logic GD5446 PCI VGA) *'''-loadvm''' ''file''
 
:Start right away with a saved state ("loadvm" in monitor) ====PowerPC
 
Options====
 
The following options are specific to the PowerPC emulation:
 
*'''-prep'''
 
:Simulate a PREP system (default is PowerMAC) *'''-g'''
 
''W'''''x'''''H''['''x'''''DEPTH'']
 
:Set the initial VGA graphic mode. The default is 800x600x15.
 
===Keys===
 
During the graphical emulation, you can use the following keys:
 
*'''Ctrl-Alt-f'''
 
*:Toggle full screen *'''Ctrl-Alt-'''''n''
 
*:Switch to virtual console 'n'. Standard console mappings are:
 
**'''1''' : Target system display **'''2''' : Monitor **'''3''' :Serial
 
port *'''Ctrl-Alt'''
 
*:Toggle mouse and keyboard grab. *In the virtual consoles, you can use
 
'''Ctrl-Up''', '''Ctrl-Down''', '''Ctrl-PageUp''' and
 
'''Ctrl-PageDown''' to move in the back log. *During emulation, if you
 
are using the -nographic option, use '''Ctrl-a h''' to get terminal
 
commands: **'''Ctrl-a h'''
 
**:Print this help **'''Ctrl-a x'''
 
**:Exit emulatior **'''Ctrl-a s'''
 
**:Save disk data back to file (if -snapshot) **'''Ctrl-a b'''
 
**:Send break (magic sysrq in Linux) **'''Ctrl-a c'''
 
**:Switch between console and monitor **'''Ctrl-a Ctrl-a'''
 
**:Send Ctrl-a ===SEE ALSO===
 
The HTML documentation of QEMU for more precise information and Linux
 
user mode emulator invocation. ===AUTHOR===
 
Fabrice Bellard
 
==Edit Log==
 
*'''2005-06-25''': Added contents of manpage
 

Latest revision as of 17:11, 18 February 2006

Computing: Emulators: Qemu

Qemu is an open source processor emulator. It emulates a variety of different CPUs and systems, and achieves good speed by using dynamic translation.

Reference

Articles