Difference between revisions of "Postfix"
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| + | <hide> | ||
| + | [[page type::article]] | ||
| + | [[thing type::software]] | ||
| + | [[software type::mail transfer agent]] | ||
| + | [[architecture::server]] | ||
| + | [[license::open source]] | ||
| + | [[category:software]] | ||
| + | </hide> | ||
==About== | ==About== | ||
| − | + | [[Postfix]] is an [[open source]] [[mail transfer agent]] (MTA) for [[POSIX]] systems. It is fully supported by [[Webmin]]/[[VirtualMin]] and is part of the [[Dovecot]] stack. | |
| + | ===Pages=== | ||
| + | * [[/fixing]]: diagnosis of installations that aren't working right | ||
===Files=== | ===Files=== | ||
* [[/main.cf]] | * [[/main.cf]] | ||
* [[/master.cf]]: formatted list of transport helper applications | * [[/master.cf]]: formatted list of transport helper applications | ||
| + | * [[/mail.log]] (typically found in /var/log) | ||
| + | ===Internal Apps=== | ||
| + | * [[/aliases]] ([http://www.postfix.org/aliases.5.html reference]) | ||
| + | * [[/cleanup]] ([http://postfix.org/cleanup.8.html reference]) | ||
| + | * [[/lmtp]] ([http://postfix.org/lmtp.8.html reference]) | ||
| + | * [[/local]] ([http://postfix.org/local.8.html reference]) | ||
| + | * [[/pickup]] ([http://postfix.org/pickup.8.html reference]) | ||
| + | * [[/qmgr]] ([http://postfix.org/qmgr.8.html reference]) | ||
| + | * [[/smtpd]] ([http://postfix.org/smtpd.8.html reference]) | ||
| + | * [[/transport]] ([http://www.postfix.org/transport.5.html reference]) | ||
| + | * [[/trivial-rewrite]] ([http://postfix.org/trivial-rewrite.8.html reference])) | ||
| + | ===User Applets=== | ||
| + | * [[/newaliases]] | ||
| + | ===Other Applets=== | ||
| + | These are installed as part of the postfix package; not sure how they should be classified: | ||
| + | {| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | valign=top | | ||
| + | * '''/usr/bin''': | ||
| + | ** [[/mailq]] | ||
| + | ** [[/newaliases]] - user utility | ||
| + | ** [[/rmail]] | ||
| + | * '''/usr/lib''': | ||
| + | ** [[/postfix_groups.pl]] | ||
| + | ** [[/sendmail]] | ||
| + | | valign=top | | ||
| + | * '''/usr/lib/postfix''': | ||
| + | ** [[/anvil]] | ||
| + | ** [[/bounce]] | ||
| + | ** [[/cleanup]] | ||
| + | ** [[/discard]] | ||
| + | ** [[/error]] | ||
| + | ** [[/flush]] | ||
| + | ** [[/fsstone]] | ||
| + | ** [[/lmtp]] | ||
| + | ** [[/local]] | ||
| + | ** [[/master]] | ||
| + | ** [[/oqmgr]] | ||
| + | ** [[/pickup]] | ||
| + | ** [[/pipe]] | ||
| + | ** [[/post-install]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postfix-files]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postfix-script]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postfix-wrapper]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postmulti-script]] | ||
| + | ** [[/proxymap]] | ||
| + | ** [[/qmgr]] | ||
| + | ** [[/qmqpd]] | ||
| + | ** [[/scache]] | ||
| + | ** [[/showq]] | ||
| + | ** [[/smtp]] | ||
| + | ** [[/smtpd]] | ||
| + | ** [[/spawn]] | ||
| + | ** [[/tlsmgr]] | ||
| + | ** [[/trivial-rewrite]] | ||
| + | ** [[/verify]] | ||
| + | ** [[/virtual]] | ||
| + | | valign=top | | ||
| + | * '''/usr/sbin''': | ||
| + | ** [[/postalias]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postcat]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postconf]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postdrop]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postfix]] - core binary | ||
| + | ** [[/postfix-add-filter]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postfix-add-policy]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postkick]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postlock]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postlog]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postmap]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postmulti]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postqueue]] | ||
| + | ** [[/postsuper]] | ||
| + | ** [[/qmqp-sink]] | ||
| + | ** [[/qmqp-source]] | ||
| + | ** [[/qshape]] | ||
| + | ** [[/rmail]] | ||
| + | ** [[/sendmail]] | ||
| + | ** [[/smtp-sink]] | ||
| + | ** [[/smtp-source]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Error Messages=== | ||
| + | * [[503 5.5.1 Error: authentication not enabled]] | ||
| + | * [[Connect to private/dovecot-auth failed: No such file or directory]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | ===Other Subpages=== | ||
| + | * [[/flow]]: the flow of messages across the various helper programs that make up Postfix | ||
| + | * [[/SSL]]: Postfix and SSL | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
After making changes to the Postfix configuration files, you don't actually have to stop and restart Postfix to load the changes; you can just type (as root) "postfix reload". | After making changes to the Postfix configuration files, you don't actually have to stop and restart Postfix to load the changes; you can just type (as root) "postfix reload". | ||
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===aliases=== | ===aliases=== | ||
To set up aliases, either edit the file specified by the [[/main.cf/alias_maps|alias_maps]] setting in [[/main.cf|main.cf]] ([[etc/aliases|/etc/aliases]] by default) and then run [[newaliases]] (or "postalias /etc/aliases") to update the database, or else use [[Webmin]] ("Mail Aliases" icon, then click on the "Create a new alias" link). | To set up aliases, either edit the file specified by the [[/main.cf/alias_maps|alias_maps]] setting in [[/main.cf|main.cf]] ([[etc/aliases|/etc/aliases]] by default) and then run [[newaliases]] (or "postalias /etc/aliases") to update the database, or else use [[Webmin]] ("Mail Aliases" icon, then click on the "Create a new alias" link). | ||
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* Webmin seems to automatically run newaliases when you add or modify an individual alias, but ''not'' when you use it to edit the [[etc/aliases|/etc/aliases]] file directly. Changes made to /etc/aliases will not take effect until the database is updated. | * Webmin seems to automatically run newaliases when you add or modify an individual alias, but ''not'' when you use it to edit the [[etc/aliases|/etc/aliases]] file directly. Changes made to /etc/aliases will not take effect until the database is updated. | ||
* Stopping and starting the postfix daemon does ''not'' update from the aliases file; you still have to run newaliases. | * Stopping and starting the postfix daemon does ''not'' update from the aliases file; you still have to run newaliases. | ||
| + | * see [http://www.postfix.org/aliases.5.html aliases] for more information. | ||
===virtual users=== | ===virtual users=== | ||
By default, virtual aliases seem to get looked up only when email comes from the outside; locally generated emails are "returned" as undeliverable with the error message "Diagnostic-Code: x-unix; user unknown" | By default, virtual aliases seem to get looked up only when email comes from the outside; locally generated emails are "returned" as undeliverable with the error message "Diagnostic-Code: x-unix; user unknown" | ||
| Line 109: | Line 134: | ||
* luser_relay = youraddress@anotherdomain.org | * luser_relay = youraddress@anotherdomain.org | ||
** forwards all email addressed to invalid users to "youraddress@anotherdomain.org". | ** forwards all email addressed to invalid users to "youraddress@anotherdomain.org". | ||
| + | |||
| + | [http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-setup-postfix-catch-all-email-accounts/ This page] mentions some other parameters but neglects the ones above. | ||
| + | |||
===automatic BCC=== | ===automatic BCC=== | ||
To automatically [[blind carbon copy|BCC]] outgoing mail ''from'' any given set of users, set [[/main.cf/sender_bcc_maps|sender_bcc_maps]] in [[/main.cf]] to <u>hash:/etc/postfix/sender_bcc</u>. (In [[Webmin]]: BCC Mapping: Sender BCC mapping lookup tables) | To automatically [[blind carbon copy|BCC]] outgoing mail ''from'' any given set of users, set [[/main.cf/sender_bcc_maps|sender_bcc_maps]] in [[/main.cf]] to <u>hash:/etc/postfix/sender_bcc</u>. (In [[Webmin]]: BCC Mapping: Sender BCC mapping lookup tables) | ||
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@vbz.com archive{{CURRENTYEAR}}@vbz.com | @vbz.com archive{{CURRENTYEAR}}@vbz.com | ||
===pages to index=== | ===pages to index=== | ||
| − | + | Possibly useful pages: | |
| + | * [https://www.howtoforge.com/postfix_backup_mx Setting Up Postfix As A Backup MX] | ||
* [http://www.postfix.org/ADDRESS_REWRITING_README.html Postfix Address Rewriting] | * [http://www.postfix.org/ADDRESS_REWRITING_README.html Postfix Address Rewriting] | ||
* [http://www.postfix.org/trivial-rewrite.8.html trivial-rewrite] (manpage) | * [http://www.postfix.org/trivial-rewrite.8.html trivial-rewrite] (manpage) | ||
* [http://www.postfix.org/postconf.5.html Postfix Configuration Parameters] (includes [[/main.cf]] parameters) | * [http://www.postfix.org/postconf.5.html Postfix Configuration Parameters] (includes [[/main.cf]] parameters) | ||
| + | * [http://www.postfix.org/FILTER_README.html Postfix After-Queue Content Filter] | ||
| + | * [http://www.group-office.com/wiki/Mailserver Group-Office Mailserver] plugin: helps administer Postfix | ||
| + | * [http://en.gentoo-wiki.com/wiki/Mail_server_using_Postfix_and_Dovecot Mail server using Postfix and Dovecot] on [[Gentoo Linux]] | ||
| + | |||
==Links== | ==Links== | ||
===Official=== | ===Official=== | ||
* [http://www.postfix.org/ home page] | * [http://www.postfix.org/ home page] | ||
| + | * {{link/manpage/only|Postfix|manpage}} | ||
| + | |||
===Reference=== | ===Reference=== | ||
* {{wikipedia|Postfix (software)}} | * {{wikipedia|Postfix (software)}} | ||
* [http://postfix.wiki.xs4all.nl/ wiki] | * [http://postfix.wiki.xs4all.nl/ wiki] | ||
** [http://postfix.wiki.xs4all.nl/index.php?title=Relay_recipient_maps_using_LDAP_against_Active_Directory Relay recipient maps using LDAP against Active Directory] | ** [http://postfix.wiki.xs4all.nl/index.php?title=Relay_recipient_maps_using_LDAP_against_Active_Directory Relay recipient maps using LDAP against Active Directory] | ||
Revision as of 14:11, 29 October 2020
About
Postfix is an open source mail transfer agent (MTA) for POSIX systems. It is fully supported by Webmin/VirtualMin and is part of the Dovecot stack.
Pages
- /fixing: diagnosis of installations that aren't working right
Files
- /main.cf
- /master.cf: formatted list of transport helper applications
- /mail.log (typically found in /var/log)
Internal Apps
- /aliases (reference)
- /cleanup (reference)
- /lmtp (reference)
- /local (reference)
- /pickup (reference)
- /qmgr (reference)
- /smtpd (reference)
- /transport (reference)
- /trivial-rewrite (reference))
User Applets
Other Applets
These are installed as part of the postfix package; not sure how they should be classified:
|
Error Messages
- 503 5.5.1 Error: authentication not enabled
- Connect to private/dovecot-auth failed: No such file or directory
Other Subpages
- /flow: the flow of messages across the various helper programs that make up Postfix
- /SSL: Postfix and SSL
Notes
After making changes to the Postfix configuration files, you don't actually have to stop and restart Postfix to load the changes; you can just type (as root) "postfix reload".
aliases
To set up aliases, either edit the file specified by the alias_maps setting in main.cf (/etc/aliases by default) and then run newaliases (or "postalias /etc/aliases") to update the database, or else use Webmin ("Mail Aliases" icon, then click on the "Create a new alias" link).
Notes:
- Webmin seems to automatically run newaliases when you add or modify an individual alias, but not when you use it to edit the /etc/aliases file directly. Changes made to /etc/aliases will not take effect until the database is updated.
- Stopping and starting the postfix daemon does not update from the aliases file; you still have to run newaliases.
- see aliases for more information.
virtual users
By default, virtual aliases seem to get looked up only when email comes from the outside; locally generated emails are "returned" as undeliverable with the error message "Diagnostic-Code: x-unix; user unknown"
The following change in main.cf solves that problem –
- change: receive_override_options = no_address_mappings
- to this: receive_override_options =
– but creates a new one, in that externally-sourced messages are now delivered twice (or four times if addressed directly to a virtual user instead of a virtual alias).
Someone who understands the internal structure of postfix could probably figure out what this means (and how to fix it), but I'm still working on it.
catch-all
To set up a catch-all address, edit main.cf and set the following parameters:
- local_recipient_maps =
- luser_relay = whereToSend
The syntax for whereToSend is explained here.
Examples:
- luser_relay = $user@anotherdomain.org
- forwards all email addressed to "invaliduser@firstdomain.org" to "invaliduser@anotherdomain.org"
- luser_relay = youraddress@anotherdomain.org
- forwards all email addressed to invalid users to "youraddress@anotherdomain.org".
This page mentions some other parameters but neglects the ones above.
automatic BCC
To automatically BCC outgoing mail from any given set of users, set sender_bcc_maps in /main.cf to hash:/etc/postfix/sender_bcc. (In Webmin: BCC Mapping: Sender BCC mapping lookup tables)
Each line in the /sender_bcc file will contain the sender (which can be user@domain, user, or @domain), one or more blanks, then the recipient (which can be one address or multiple addresses separated by commas).
Example -- BCCs all mail sent by vbz.com users to an archive address:
@vbz.com archive2024@vbz.com
pages to index
Possibly useful pages:
- Setting Up Postfix As A Backup MX
- Postfix Address Rewriting
- trivial-rewrite (manpage)
- Postfix Configuration Parameters (includes /main.cf parameters)
- Postfix After-Queue Content Filter
- Group-Office Mailserver plugin: helps administer Postfix
- Mail server using Postfix and Dovecot on Gentoo Linux