ClamAV

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To disinfect a Windows PC by running ClamAV from an Ubuntu liveCD:

Boot the liveCD
Install the "clamav" package
Run "freshclam" (this may sit for a few minutes before showing any signs of life, and will take many minutes to finish downloading).
Mount the infected drive (opening it from "Locations" in a file manager will do)
run df to find out the drive's filesystem path. We'll assume it's /media/disk.
Run clamscan in read-only mode to see if there are any detectable infections:
- clamscan -v -r /media/disk
To move infected files into a quarantine area (only partially tested):
- sudo clamscan -v -r --move=/media/disk/quarantine /media/disk
- real-world example -- this should quarantine the infections in addition to finding them:
  - sudo clamscan -v -r --move=/media/IBM_PRELOAD/etc/quarantine /media/IBM_PRELOAD
If no infections found, you may still be able to find infections with one of the Windows versions; there may be a way to force the Linux version to use the very latest data engine, but I'm not sure. Hopefully this basic scan will be enough to make a hopelessly virus-bound system usable again.

Additionally, there are some distributions which come with ClamAV already installed, and which may therefore simplify this process:

In Microsoft Windows, ClamAV is available in two varieties:

Failed to install runtime with error code 1601 - ClamAV for Windows can't be installed in "safe mode", despite the obvious advantage of being able to do this with an anti-virus program.