Perl built-in functions

Computing: Programming: Perl: built-in functions

Arrays

 * ( demarc, array ) – joins array elements into one string, using demarc as a seperator string
 * ( pattern, string , limit ) – splits string into an array (return value) by dividing it wherever pattern is matched
 * ( target, offset , length , source ) – combines parts of two arrays (replaces parts of target with source )
 * ( array ) – remove/return the last element of array
 * ( target, source ) – adds elements from source to the end of the array target (opposite of )
 * ( array ) – returns an array containing the elements of the input array in reverse order
 * ( array ) – returns an array containing the elements of the input array in sorted order
 * ( array ) – remove/return the first element of array (opposite of )
 * ( target, source ) – add elements from the array source to the beginning of the array target (opposite of )

Dirs

 * opendir( dirhandle, dirspec )
 * rmdir

Dir Handles

 * closedir
 * readdir
 * rewinddir
 * seekdir

Files

 * chdir
 * chmod
 * chown
 * chroot
 * link
 * mkdir
 * open( filehandle, filespec )
 * readlink
 * rename

File Handles

 * binmode
 * close
 * eof
 * flock
 * getc
 * lstat
 * read
 * seek
 * truncate
 * write

Numeric

 * abs( number )
 * exp
 * log
 * rand
 * srand
 * sqrt

Base conversion

 * hex
 * oct

Trigonometry

 * atan2( Y, X ) - returns the arctangent of Y / X
 * cos
 * sin

RegEx

 * m/ pattern /
 * quotemeta
 * s/ pattern / replacement /egimosx
 * tr/ search_list / replace_list /cds
 * y/ search_list / replace_list /cds

String

 * chomp
 * chop
 * crypt
 * index
 * lc
 * lcfirst
 * length
 * quotemeta
 * rindex
 * scalar
 * ( source, offset , len ) – return len bytes from source after skipping offset characters
 * uc
 * ucfirst
 * unpack

conversion

 * int

single-character

 * chr( number ) - returns the character whose ASCII code is number
 * ord( string ) - returns the ASCII code of the first character in string

Time

 * gmtime
 * localtime
 * time
 * times

A

 * abs(arg) - returns absolute value of arg
 * accept
 * alarm($seconds) - sends an alarm signal after $seconds seconds
 * atan2($y,$x) - returns the arctangent of $y/$x

B

 * bind
 * binmode(filehandle) - sets filehandle to be treated as binary
 * bless

C

 * caller
 * chdir
 * chmod
 * chomp
 * chop
 * chown
 * chr
 * chroot
 * close
 * closedir
 * connect
 * cos
 * crypt

D

 * dbmclose
 * dbmopen
 * defined
 * delete
 * die
 * do subroutine
 * dump

E

 * each
 * endgrent
 * endhostent
 * endnetent
 * endprotoent
 * endpwent
 * endservent
 * eof
 * eval
 * exec
 * exists($assoc($key)) - returns TRUE if $key exists within the hash $assoc. Doesn't work with dbm hashes.
 * exit
 * exp

F

 * fcntl
 * fileno
 * flock
 * fork
 * format
 * formline

G

 * getc
 * getgrent
 * getgrgid
 * getgrnam
 * gethostbyaddr
 * gethostbyname
 * gethostent
 * getlogin
 * getnetbyaddr
 * getnetbyname
 * getnetent
 * getpeername
 * getpgrp
 * getppid
 * getpriority
 * getprotobyname
 * getprotobynumber
 * getprotoent
 * getpwent
 * getpwnam
 * getpwuid
 * getserverbyname
 * getserverbyport
 * getservent
 * getsockname
 * getsockopt
 * glob
 * gmtime
 * goto
 * grep

H

 * hex

I

 * index
 * int
 * ioctl

J

 * join

K

 * keys
 * kill

L

 * last
 * lc(string) - returns string in lowercase
 * lcfirst(string) - returns string with first character lowercased
 * length(string) - returns length (number of characters in) string
 * link(oldfile,newfile) - creates newfile as a link to oldfile
 * listen(socket,queuesize) - waits for incoming events on a socket
 * (variable list) - makes all variables in variable list local to the current subroutine
 * localtime(number) - converts the binary time stored in number to a 9-element list and localizes it to the machine's timezone
 * log(number) - returns the natural logarithm (i.e. loge) of number
 * lstat(fileHandle) - returns file statistics for the file opened with file handle fileHandle (does not de-reference symbolic links)

M

 * m/pattern/ gimosx - performs pattern-matching; other characters may be used as delimiters instead of "/". See Perl regex
 * map(expr,list) - returns an array containing the output of expr(list item) for each item in list
 * mkdir(name,mode) - creates a directory named name (can be relative or absolute filespec), with the file attributes in mode. See mkdir for related information.
 * msgctl
 * msgget
 * msgrcv
 * msgsnd
 * (variable list) - makes all variables in variable list local to the current {block}

N

 * next
 * no

O

 * oct( string ) - converts string from octal to decimal
 * open( fileHandle, name ) - opens a file named name and associates it with fileHandle
 * opendir( dirHandle, name ) - opens a directory named name and associates it with dirHandle
 * ord( string ) - returns the ASCII code of the first character in string, as an integer

P

 * pack( template, list )
 * pipe( readhandle, writehandle )
 * pop( array )
 * pos( scalar )
 * print( filehandle, list )
 * printf( filehandle, list )
 * push( array, list )

Q

 * q/ string /
 * qq/ string /
 * quotemeta( string ) - prepares a string for use in a regex by backslashing any characters with special meanings
 * qw/ string /
 * qx/ string /

R

 * rand( number ) - returns a random number between 0 and number
 * read( filehandle, scalar , length )
 * readdir
 * readlink
 * recv
 * redo
 * ref
 * rename( oldname, newname ) - renames file oldname to newname
 * require( filename ) - executes the Perl code inside file filename (if no path specified, searches Perl path)
 * reset
 * return
 * reverse( list ) - reverses the sorting of array list
 * rewinddir
 * rindex( string, substring ) - returns the position of the last occurrence of substring in string
 * rmdir